Winter pet care in north India: smog, cold and heaters
Updated By PetymFacts checked against official sources on
Quick answer
In a north Indian winter, keep pets indoors in a warm, draught-free room raised off cold floors, shorten walks on poor-AQI and cold-wave days, and never leave a pet alone with a heater, angithi or coal fire in a closed room. Short-coated, young, old and unwell pets need extra warmth.
Watch smog days as closely as cold ones: coughing, fast or noisy breathing, red or watery eyes and tiredness are reasons to call your vet, above all for flat-faced dogs and pets with heart or lung disease.
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What do the cold-wave and AQI warnings mean?
| What | The rule | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Cold wave (plains) | IMD considers a cold wave when a plains station's minimum is 10 °C or less and 4.5 °C to 6.4 °C below normal; a severe cold wave is more than 6.4 °C below normal. | National Disaster Management Authority |
| Cold wave by temperature alone | A minimum of 4 °C or less on the plains is a cold wave; 2 °C or less is a severe cold wave. | National Disaster Management Authority |
| When and where | Mostly December and January, sometimes November to February, mostly in northern India. Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand are among the most affected. | National Disaster Management Authority |
| AQI scale | Good 0 to 50, Satisfactory 51 to 100, Moderately polluted 101 to 200, Poor 201 to 300, Very poor 301 to 400, Severe 401 to 500. Each pollutant is scored and the highest sets the AQI. | Arthapedia, Indian Economic Service, Government of India |
| What Poor and worse mean (for people) | Poor: breathing discomfort on prolonged exposure. Very poor: respiratory illness on prolonged exposure. Severe: effects even in healthy people, and serious effects for people with lung or heart disease. | Arthapedia, Indian Economic Service, Government of India |
| Pollutants counted | PM10, PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, ammonia and lead. | Arthapedia, Indian Economic Service, Government of India |
Does smog affect dogs and cats?
Very likely, though the research is on smoke and on people. Treat a Poor or worse AQI day as a short-walk day.
Petym found no Indian veterinary guidance on smog and pets, and India's AQI health statements are written for people. The nearest official advice is the US Environmental Protection Agency's 2026 fact sheet on pets and smoke. It says smoke can irritate a pet's eyes and airways, that older, younger and pregnant animals and those with heart or lung disease are especially at risk, and that short-nosed dogs such as Pugs and Bulldogs can have trouble breathing in smoke. Pet birds are particularly sensitive.
The EPA's advice translates well to a Delhi winter: keep pets indoors as much as you can with windows closed on bad days, keep toilet breaks short, cut back on running and play outdoors, and keep indoor air clean. That means not adding smoke indoors from frying, incense, candles, or a coal or wood fire, and using an air purifier in the room where your pet sleeps if you have one.
Which signs on a smog day mean you should call the vet?
The EPA lists these as signs to take to a veterinarian. Do not wait for them to pass.
If Coughing or gagging that keeps coming back
Keep your pet indoors in the cleanest room and call your vet the same day. US Environmental Protection Agency
If Trouble breathing: open-mouth breathing, noisy or fast breathing
This can become an emergency, especially in a flat-faced dog. Go to a vet now. US Environmental Protection Agency
If Red or watery eyes, nasal discharge, reluctance to eat hard food
Call your vet and avoid outdoor time until you have spoken to them. US Environmental Protection Agency
If Tiredness, weakness, disorientation, stumbling, eating or drinking less
Call your vet. Tell them about the AQI and any heater or fire used at home. US Environmental Protection Agency
How should you change walks for smog and cold?
Petym's practical guide, from the AQI scale and the EPA and RSPCA advice on this page. Your vet knows your pet best.
| Healthy adult dog | Old, young, flat-faced, or heart or lung problems | |
|---|---|---|
| AQI Good to Moderately polluted (0 to 200) Arthapedia, Indian Economic Service, Government of India | Normal walks, in the warmer middle of the day if mornings are foggy | Normal but gentle walks; watch for coughing |
| AQI Poor (201 to 300) US Environmental Protection Agency | Shorter, slower walks; skip running and long games outdoors | Toilet breaks and short strolls only |
| AQI Very poor or Severe (301 and above) US Environmental Protection Agency | Toilet breaks only; play indoors | Toilet breaks only; ask your vet about a plan for the season |
| Cold-wave day RSPCA Tasmania | Walk when the sun is up; dry paws and coat afterwards | A coat or jumper if your pet accepts it; very short outings |
| Dense fog at dawn | A reflective collar or leash, and stay on the footpath | Wait for the fog to lift |
There is no veterinary AQI threshold for pets: these bands borrow India's AQI categories for people.
How do you keep a pet warm indoors?
Most Indian homes are built for heat, not cold: tiled floors, gaps under doors and no central heating.
- A bed in a warm spot, raised off the cold floor and away from draughts. RSPCA Tasmania
- Extra blankets, changed often so they stay dry. RSPCA Tasmania
- Short-haired animals, young animals and those with health problems may need extra warmth: think Indies, Dobermanns, Dachshunds and Beagles with thin coats, and puppies and kittens. RSPCA Tasmania
- A well-fitted coat or jumper for dogs that accept one. Take it off if your dog seems irritable or tries to remove it. RSPCA Tasmania
- A cosy, covered bed for cats, such as an igloo bed or a box lined with a blanket; bring outdoor cats in before dark. RSPCA Tasmania
- Pets that live outside need an insulated shelter with no gaps for draughts, and NDMA's cold-wave advice is to move pets indoors. National Disaster Management Authority
- Outdoor pets may need a little more food, because their bodies burn more energy staying warm. Ask your vet before you change an indoor pet's diet. RSPCA Tasmania
- Fresh water every day, even if your pet drinks less in the cold.
Are room heaters, angithis and heat pads safe around pets?
They can be, if the pet can always move away from the heat and the room is ventilated.
Do
- Keep a window or door slightly open when any heater or fire is on: NDMA asks people to maintain ventilation while using heaters to avoid toxic fumes. National Disaster Management Authority
- Use pet-safe heat pads only if they are working properly, and make sure your pet can move off the pad. RSPCA Tasmania
- Put a guard around heaters and keep cables out of reach of puppies and kittens that chew.
- Turn heaters off when you leave the room or the house. National Disaster Management Authority
Don’t
- Don't leave a pet in a closed room with an angithi, coal sigri or open fire pot. NDMA warns that these can cause fires when unattended and carbon monoxide poisoning in a confined space such as a closed room. National Disaster Management Authority
- Don't leave heat pads on when no one is home. RSPCA Tasmania
- Don't let a pet sleep pressed against an oil heater or blower; burns happen slowly and fur hides them.
- Don't run a car engine with a pet inside in a closed garage.
Which winter beliefs put pets at risk?
You may have read
Dogs and cats have fur, so they do not feel the cold.
Myth
What the sources say
RSPCA Queensland puts it plainly: pets feel the cold too. Short-haired, young, old and unwell animals feel it most, and an Indian home with tiled floors and no heating can be colder at night than it looks. RSPCA Queensland
You may have read
Smog only matters for people, because India's AQI is written for people.
Myth
What the sources say
The US EPA says smoke can irritate pets' eyes and airways and that short-nosed dogs, older and younger animals and pets with heart or lung disease are especially at risk. No pet-specific Indian guidance was found, so the cautious choice is to treat a Poor day as a short-walk day. US Environmental Protection Agency
You may have read
A coal angithi is fine in a closed room as long as someone is asleep nearby.
Myth
What the sources say
NDMA warns that open fire pots can cause carbon monoxide poisoning in a confined space such as a closed room, and that lives have been lost this way. Pets in the same room are at risk too. Ventilate, or do not use it. National Disaster Management Authority
Why do older pets struggle more in winter?
RSPCA Queensland notes that senior pets may have arthritis and mobility problems that show more in the cold: stiffness, chewing or licking particular joints, difficulty with stairs, and changes in behaviour. RSPCA Tasmania adds that an arthritic pet may be slow to get up or move less. Both advise taking a pet with these signs to the vet for a check-up. Do not give your pet any human painkiller: some are dangerous to dogs and cats, and only your vet can say what is safe.
Practical help at home is simple: a thick, padded bed in a warm corner, a rug on slippery tiled floors, a ramp or a lift instead of stairs where you can, and shorter, more frequent walks instead of one long one.
What else changes in a north Indian winter?
- Diwali falls on 8 November in 2026, when firecracker smoke adds to the season's poor air. Plan the safe room for the noise and for the smoke.
- Winter weddings and parties bring music, crowds and rich food. Keep fried snacks, sweets and anything with onion, garlic or raisins away from pets.
- Bonfires at Lohri and on cold evenings in the society compound: keep dogs on a leash and away from the flames and the smoke.
- Fog and short days mean more walks in the dark. A reflective collar and a torch help drivers see you both.
- School holidays and year-end trips: if you travel, book care early, and write the winter rules into your pet's plan.
What should a sitter know about your pet in winter?
When Petym opens in a city, a sitter will follow your pet's plan as you write it, log walks, meals and medicines as they happen, and send a photo update every day of the booking. For winter, add the walk rules for smog and cold-wave days, where the coat and blankets are kept, which heater may be used and how, and which room your pet sleeps in.
If your pet has breathing trouble or shows any of the warning signs above, the sitter will call you and take it to the nearest 24-hour vet on the city's list. Tell the sitter about any heart, lung or joint condition before the first booking, at the free meet and greet.
Going away soon? Tell us your dates.
A checked local sitter feeds, walks and keeps your pet company at home, follows your care sheet to the letter and sends a photo every day. Petym is opening city by city: send your dates and we will tell you when a sitter can take them.
- Meet your sitter first, free
- PAN-checked, first-aid trained
- A photo every day
- Pay through Petym, never cash
Questions owners ask
Is it safe to walk my dog when the AQI is severe?
- Keep it to short toilet breaks. India's AQI says a Severe reading affects even healthy people, and the US EPA advises keeping pets indoors as much as possible and limiting outdoor activity in smoke. Play indoors instead, and call your vet if your dog coughs or breathes fast.
Do dogs need sweaters in Delhi winters?
- Some do. RSPCA Tasmania says short-haired, young and unwell animals may need extra warmth and that a well-fitted coat or jumper helps, but not every dog tolerates clothing. Thin-coated Indies, Dachshunds and old dogs benefit most; take the coat off if your dog seems uncomfortable.
Can a room heater harm my pet?
- Yes, if it is used carelessly. NDMA warns that unattended heating pots can start fires and that open fires in a closed room can cause carbon monoxide poisoning. Keep the room ventilated, guard the heater, keep cables out of reach and never leave a pet alone with an angithi.
Should outdoor dogs be brought inside during a cold wave?
- Yes. NDMA's cold-wave advice includes moving pets indoors. If a dog must stay outside, RSPCA Tasmania advises a well-insulated shelter with no gaps for draughts, dry blankets changed regularly, and a little more food, because outdoor animals burn more energy keeping warm.
What are signs that air pollution is affecting my pet?
- The US EPA lists coughing or gagging, trouble breathing, red or watery eyes, nasal discharge, excessive panting, tiredness, stumbling and eating or drinking less. Call your vet if you see these, especially in flat-faced dogs, old pets, birds and pets with heart or lung disease.
Do cats need extra care in a north Indian winter?
- Yes. Give a cat a covered bed in a warm, draught-free spot raised off the floor, bring indoor-outdoor cats in before dark, and check under car bonnets and near heaters, where cats look for warmth. Keep food and fresh water available as usual.
Why is my old dog stiffer in winter?
- RSPCA Queensland notes that senior pets may have arthritis and mobility problems, with signs such as stiffness, licking joints and trouble on stairs. A padded bed, a rug on tiled floors and short walks help. Ask your vet for a check-up, and never give a human painkiller.
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Sources
Each source was opened and read on the date shown. How Petym checks its sources
- National Disaster Management Authority: Guidelines on cold wave and frost (2021) (opens in a new tab)
- Arthapedia, Indian Economic Service, Government of India: National Air Quality Index (opens in a new tab)
- US Environmental Protection Agency: Protect your pets from wildfire smoke (EPA-452/F-26-007) (opens in a new tab)
- RSPCA Tasmania: Keeping your pets warm in winter (19 June 2023) (opens in a new tab)
- RSPCA Queensland: Winter tips for pets (13 July 2022) (opens in a new tab)
- Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India: Holidays to be observed in central government offices during 2026 (opens in a new tab)
- International Cat Care: Cats and poisons (opens in a new tab)